Tutupaca

Tutupaca.
Tutupaca is a volcano complex in Tacna, the southernmost region of Peru. It is in the Central Volcanic Zone, one of several volcanic belts in the Andes, where the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate causes volcanic activity. Tutupaca consists of three overlapping volcanoes formed by lava flows and lava domes made out of andesite and dacite, which grew on top of older volcanic rocks. It features geothermal manifestations with fumaroles and hot springs. Its highest peak is usually reported to be 5,815 metres (19,078 ft), and was glaciated in the past. Tutupaca became active about 700,000 years ago. Several volcanoes in Peru have been active in recent times, including Tutupaca; one of these generated a large debris avalanche when it collapsed, probably in 1802, with pyroclastic flows and an eruption that was among the largest in Peru for which there are historical records.

Noronhomys

Noronhomys.
Noronhomys vespuccii, Vespucci's rodent, was a rat from the islands of Fernando de Noronha off northeastern Brazil. Numerous but fragmentary fossil remains of the extinct species, of uncertain but probably Holocene age, were discovered in 1973 and described in 1999. N. vespuccii was larger than the black rat (Rattus rattus), with high-crowned molars and several ridges on the skull that anchored the chewing muscles. A member of the family Cricetidae and subfamily Sigmodontinae, it shared several distinctive characters with the tribe Oryzomyini. Its close relatives, including Holochilus and Lundomys, are adapted to a semiaquatic lifestyle, spending much of their time in the water, but features of the Noronhomys bones suggest that it lost its semiaquatic lifestyle after arrival at its remote island. Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci may have seen it on a visit to Fernando de Noronha in 1503.

Science Fiction Quarterly

Science Fiction Quarterly.
Science Fiction Quarterly was an American pulp science fiction magazine, published from 1940 to 1943 and again from 1951 to 1958. Robert A. W. Lowndes edited all but the first two issues. It was launched by publisher Louis Silberkleit during a boom in science fiction magazines, but fell prey in 1943 to slow sales and paper shortages. Silberkleit relaunched it when the market improved, and was able to obtain reprint rights to several books by Ray Cummings and two early science fiction novels. The budget was minuscule, but Lowndes was able to call on his friends in the Futurians, a group of aspiring writers that included Isaac Asimov, James Blish, and Donald Wollheim. Among the better-known stories that ran were "Second Dawn" by Arthur C. Clarke, "The Last Question" by Isaac Asimov, and "Common Time" by James Blish. By 1958, Science Fiction Quarterly was the last surviving science fiction pulp.

Stan Coveleski

Stan Coveleski.
Stan Coveleski (July 13, 1889 – March 20, 1984) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. In 450 career games from 1912 to 1928, Coveleski posted a win–loss record of 215–142, with 224 complete games, 38 shutouts, and a 2.89 earned run average. He made his major league debut with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1912. He signed with the Cleveland Indians in 1916, playing nine seasons with them and winning three games during the 1920 World Series. He spent three seasons with the Washington Senators and one with the New York Yankees before retiring after the 1928 season. A starting pitcher, Coveleski specialized in throwing the spitball, a pitch where the ball is altered with a foreign substance such as chewing tobacco. It was legal when his career began and outlawed in 1920, but he was one of 17 pitchers permitted to continue throwing the pitch. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969.

Manchester Cenotaph

Manchester Cenotaph.
Manchester Cenotaph is a First World War memorial, with additions for later conflicts, designed by Edwin Lutyens for St Peter's Square in Manchester, England. Manchester was late in commissioning a war memorial compared to most British towns and cities, convening a war memorial committee in 1922. Lutyens' design is a variation of the one for his cenotaph in London. The memorial consists of a central cenotaph and a Stone of Remembrance flanked by twin obelisks, all features characteristic of Lutyens' works. The cenotaph is topped by an effigy of a fallen soldier and decorated with relief carvings of the imperial crown, Manchester's coat of arms and inscriptions commemorating the dead. The memorial was unveiled on 12 July 1924 by the Earl of Derby, assisted by a local resident whose three sons had died in the war. In 2014, Manchester City Council dismantled the memorial and reconstructed it at the northwest corner of St Peter's Square next to Manchester Town Hall.

Istiodactylus

Istiodactylus.
Istiodactylus was a pterosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous. The first fossil of the genus was discovered on the Isle of Wight in England. More specimens were later found, including a species from China, I. sinensis, which possibly belongs to a different genus. Istiodactylus (from Greek for "sail finger") was a large pterosaur; estimates of its wingspan range from 4.3 to 5 metres (14 to 16 ft) long. Its skull was about 45 centimetres (18 in) long, and was relatively short and broad for a pterosaur. The front of the snout was low and blunt, and bore a semicircle of 48 interlocked teeth. It had very large forelimbs, with a wing-membrane distended by a long wing-finger, but the hindlimbs were very short. It was a scavenger that may have used its distinctive teeth to sever morsels from large carcasses. The wings may have been adapted for soaring, which would have helped it find carcasses. Istiodactylus is known from the Wessex Formation and the younger Vectis Formation.

Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham

Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham.
Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1402 – 10 July 1460) was an English nobleman and a military commander who fought for the Lancastrian King Henry VI during the Wars of the Roses, where he was killed at the Battle of Northampton. Through his mother he had royal blood as a great-grandson of King Edward III, and from his father, he inherited the earldom of Stafford. He joined the English campaign in France with King Henry V in 1420. Following the king's death two years later, he became a councillor for the nine-month-old King Henry VI. Stafford acted as a peacemaker during the 1430s, when Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester vied with Cardinal Beaufort for political supremacy. He took part in the eventual arrest of Gloucester in 1447. He was the King's bodyguard and chief negotiator during Jack Cade's Rebellion of 1450. In 1455 he fought for the King in the first battle of the Wars of the Roses, at St Albans, where they were both captured by the Yorkists. He spent the last years of his life attempting to mediate between the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions.